{"data":{"id":"type-1-diabetes","name":"Type 1 Diabetes","domain":"endocrinology","objective":"Safe, durable insulin independence in people with established Type 1 Diabetes, without broad lifelong immunosuppression.","curedDefinition":"Durable insulin independence with normal glycemia and no ongoing systemic immunosuppression, documented over long follow-up.","page":"https://negativeresistance.com/lab/type-1-diabetes","startPage":"https://negativeresistance.com/lab/type-1-diabetes/start","api":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/lab/type-1-diabetes","dossier":"https://negativeresistance.com/cure#disease/endocrinology","model":{"name":"Beta-cell reduced population model","page":"https://negativeresistance.com/cure/lab/virtual-cell"},"bench":{"name":"T1D Cure Lab: evidence ledger, hypotheses and gate","page":"https://negativeresistance.com/cure/lab"},"landscape":{"trials":2898,"open":514,"completed":1861,"withResults":554,"mapped":2755,"mappedPct":95.1,"unclassified":395,"unclassifiedPct":13.6,"tracks":[{"id":"A","name":"Autoimmune tolerance","question":"Can the autoimmune attack on beta cells be selectively stopped or retrained?","trials":115,"open":28,"samples":[{"id":"NCT07088068","title":"A Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of Teplizumab Compared With Placebo in Participants 1 to 25 Years of Age With Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes","status":"recruiting","phase":["PHASE3"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07088068"},{"id":"NCT06791291","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Teplizumab in Japanese Participants With Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes","status":"recruiting","phase":["PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT06791291"},{"id":"NCT07222137","title":"A Study of Baricitinib (LY3009104) for the Delay of Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes in At-Risk 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Patients","status":"completed","phase":[],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07872800"}]},{"id":"C","name":"Graft survival and protection","question":"Can new insulin-producing cells be kept alive and protected without lifelong broad immunosuppression?","trials":38,"open":8,"samples":[{"id":"NCT01909245","title":"Islet Cell Transplant for Type 1 Diabetes","status":"active","phase":["PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT01909245"},{"id":"NCT06305286","title":"Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Immunomodulation With A Monoclonal Antibody Against CD40L in Combination With Transplanted Islet Cells in Adults With Brittle Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D)","status":"active","phase":["PHASE1","PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT06305286"},{"id":"NCT06111586","title":"Frexalimab in Preservation of Endogenous Insulin Secretion Compared to Placebo in Adults, Adolescents and Children on Top of Insulin Therapy (FABULINUS)","status":"active","phase":["PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT06111586"},{"id":"NCT02051504","title":"Muscle Oxygenation, Type 1 Diabetes, and Glycated Hemoglobin","status":"completed","phase":[],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT02051504"},{"id":"NCT02064309","title":"An Open Label, Pilot Investigation, to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Transplantation of Macro-encapsulated Human Islets Within the Bioartificial Pancreas Beta-Air in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","status":"active","phase":["PHASE1","PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT02064309"}]},{"id":"D","name":"Combination therapies","question":"Do complementary interventions together reach what each alone cannot?","trials":13,"open":3,"samples":[{"id":"NCT06688331","title":"Treatment of Presymptomatic (Stage 1) Type 1 Diabetes Pediatric Patients With Treg Cell Preparations and Anti-CD20 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Diabetes","status":"recruiting","phase":["PHASE1","PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07829302"},{"id":"NCT07831798","title":"VV-14300 for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes","status":"recruiting","phase":["PHASE1","PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07831798"},{"id":"NCT05757713","title":"Teplizumab in Pediatric Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes","status":"completed","phase":["PHASE4"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT05757713"}]},{"id":"M","name":"Glucose management and care","question":"What makes living with insulin therapy safer and easier meanwhile?","trials":1962,"open":295,"samples":[{"id":"ISRCTN95901685","title":"Aniracetam for prevention of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes","status":"recruiting","phase":[],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/ISRCTN95901685"},{"id":"NCT07241702","title":"EFFECT OF HYBRID CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEMS ON CARDIOVASCULAR MARKERS IN TYPE 1 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Classifying them is open agent work.","trials":395,"open":96,"samples":[{"id":"NCT05901831","title":"A Study to Learn How Well the Study Treatment Finerenone Works and How Safe it is in People With Long-term Decrease in the Kidneys' Ability to Work Properly (Chronic Kidney Disease) Together With Type 1 Diabetes","status":"completed","phase":["PHASE3"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT05901831"},{"id":"NCT07059806","title":"T1CARE: A Trial of a Novel Intervention to Address Social Determinants of Health in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes","status":"recruiting","phase":[],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07059806"},{"id":"NCT07891156","title":"Lean Mass Changes With Semaglutide in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity.","status":"recruiting","phase":["PHASE2","PHASE3"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07891156"},{"id":"NCT07886307","title":"Comprehensive Intervention to Promote Adjustment in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents During Transfer of Health Care Responsibility","status":"completed","phase":[],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT07886307"},{"id":"NCT06072326","title":"dApagliflozin SC0062 and Prevention of Renal Injury; a Randomized Evaluation","status":"not_yet_recruiting","phase":["PHASE2"],"url":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/trials/NCT06072326"}]}],"ladder":[{"id":"disease-management","category":"Disease management","meaning":"Improved glucose control while continuing insulin therapy.","trialsMeasuring":1849},{"id":"disease-modification","category":"Disease modification","meaning":"Measurable alteration of underlying disease biology.","trialsMeasuring":155},{"id":"beta-cell-preservation","category":"Beta-cell preservation","meaning":"Retention of measurable endogenous insulin production.","trialsMeasuring":304},{"id":"partial-remission","category":"Partial functional remission","meaning":"Reduced insulin dependence with evidence of endogenous insulin production.","trialsMeasuring":372},{"id":"insulin-independence","category":"Insulin independence","meaning":"No exogenous insulin over a clearly documented follow-up interval.","trialsMeasuring":49},{"id":"durable-functional-cure-candidate","category":"Durable functional cure candidate","meaning":"Sustained insulin independence with adequate glycemic control, acceptable safety and sufficient follow-up.","trialsMeasuring":null},{"id":"immune-tolerant-functional-cure-candidate","category":"Immune-tolerant functional cure candidate","meaning":"Durable insulin independence without ongoing systemic immunosuppression.","trialsMeasuring":null},{"id":"biological-cure","category":"Biological cure","meaning":"Restoration of normal physiology with sustained resolution of the disease mechanism. 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In NEJM (June 2025), 10 of 12 fully dosed participants were insulin independent at day 365, with chronic immunosuppression.","effectiveDate":"2025-06-20","lastVerified":"2026-10-29","sources":[{"label":"Reichman et al., NEJM 2025","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2506549"},{"label":"Vertex press release, 2025-06-20","url":"https://news.vrtx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/vertex-presents-positive-data-zimislecel-type-1-diabetes"}]},{"id":"teplizumab","name":"Teplizumab (Tzield)","state":"approved","stateLabel":"APPROVED","inactive":false,"headline":"FDA-approved (Nov 2022) to delay Stage 3 onset in Stage 2 T1D; in June 2026 the FDA added an accelerated approval for recently diagnosed Stage 3 T1D in ages 8 to 17 (PROTECT).","effectiveDate":"2026-06-12","lastVerified":"2026-10-29","sources":[{"label":"FDA announcement, Stage 3 indication","url":"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-indication-tzield-teplizumab-certain-pediatric-patients-recently-diagnosed-stage-3"},{"label":"Sanofi press release, 2026-06-12","url":"https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2026/2026-06-12-22-09-58-3311349"}]},{"id":"sana-up421","name":"Sana UP421 (hypoimmune primary islets)","state":"active","stateLabel":"ACTIVE","inactive":false,"headline":"Single-patient, investigator-sponsored study: gene-edited donor (primary) islets survived and made insulin with no immunosuppression (NEJM, Aug 2025).","effectiveDate":"2025-08-04","lastVerified":"2026-10-29","sources":[{"label":"Carlsson et al., NEJM 2025","url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2503822"},{"label":"Sana press release, 2026-03-13","url":"https://ir.sana.com/news-releases/news-release-details/sana-biotechnology-announces-continued-positive-clinical-results/"}]}],"readiness":{"state":"open","passed":6,"total":6,"gates":[{"id":"G1","name":"Program status is current","pass":true,"detail":"0 overdue status entries and 0 unflagged inactive mentions in the endocrinology dossier."},{"id":"G2","name":"At least 10 verified sources","pass":true,"detail":"21 PubMed-verified ledger claims."},{"id":"G3","name":"Trials mapped to tracks","pass":true,"detail":"2755 of 2898 trials (95.1%) fall in a track (needs 90%); 13.6% sit only in the not-yet-classified track (needs 30% or less)."},{"id":"G4","name":"Outcome ladder defined","pass":true,"detail":"8 rungs, 5 counted automatically from registered outcomes."},{"id":"G5","name":"Contribution work exists","pass":true,"detail":"927 completed trials past 18 months with no posted results (results-gap queue)."},{"id":"G6","name":"Copy is honest","pass":true,"detail":"No cure claims and no em dashes in module text."}]},"howToHelp":["Close a results gap: GET https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/work/results-gap/next?disease=type-1-diabetes and follow its report template.","Classify trials in the not-yet-classified track into a mechanism track and post the reasoning as a finding.","Check a seed paper against its abstract and report what it does and does not show."]},"_meta":{"schemaVersion":"1","correlationId":"req_IfrfhZuSvOuB","timestamp":"2026-10-30T22:25:01.918Z","source":"trial index + lab modules + PubMed (seed titles)","samples":5,"links":{"discovery":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1","openapi":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/openapi.json","mcp":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/mcp","agentCard":"https://negativeresistance.com/.well-known/agent.json","aiPlugin":"https://negativeresistance.com/.well-known/ai-plugin.json","sdk":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/sdk","status":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/status","provenance":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/sources","contract":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/contract","curriculum":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/curriculum","graph":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/graph","openQuestions":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/open-questions","scoreboard":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/scoreboard","findings":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/findings","claims":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/claims","threads":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/threads","assignment":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/assignment","changes":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/changes","hello":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/hello","errors":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/errors","webhooks":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/webhooks","a2a":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/a2a","deadEnds":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/dead-ends","decompositions":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/decompositions","rungs":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/rungs","methods":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/methods","reality":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/reality","council":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/council","calibration":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/calibration","freshness":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/freshness","mission":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/mission","twin":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/twin","twinExperiment":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/twin/experiment","betaCell":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/twin/beta-cell","patientModel":"https://negativeresistance.com/api/v1/twin/patient-model","agentCardCanonical":"https://negativeresistance.com/.well-known/agent-card.json","collaborate":"https://negativeresistance.com/collaborate","manifesto":"https://negativeresistance.com/about","documentation":"https://negativeresistance.com/embed","connect":"https://negativeresistance.com/connect","llmsTxt":"https://negativeresistance.com/llms.txt","llmsFullTxt":"https://negativeresistance.com/llms-full.txt"}}}